农业科技创新信息支撑研究

运用主成分分析法对农村信息化各项指标进行降维,进而探讨我国农村信息化与农业科技创新的关联性,可为制定和实施＂十二五＂规划和领导决策提供参考。选取了1995-2009年全国农林牧渔专利授权数据和农村信息化相关指标数据,进行统计分析,就农村信息化和农业科技创新的关联性进行了探讨,得出若干结论。     

关于财政学国家级特色专业建设的几点思考

我校财政学专业虽然已经步入国家级特色专业行列,但其未来的建设之路还很漫长。从经济和社会发展的需要、我校自身的条件和发展潜力来看,未来我校财政学专业特色建设的重点应放在课程体系的建设上。     

高职《平面四杆机构急回特性》教法浅析

急回特性是平面四杆机构的基本性质之一。对急回特性的分析是高职《机械基础》教学中的一个重点和难点,如何将四杆机构动态过程中发生的急回现象在授课中清楚、形象地展现出来,让学生易于接受、听懂、学会,不仅需要从教学环节上精心设计,还需利用现代化教学手段等多方面着手,才能达到良好的教学效果。     

论毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系的关系

文章试从两者的历史条件、历史主题以及历史地位三个方面对为什么不包括毛泽东思想做一个粗浅的阐述。深刻理解这个问题对于长期坚持和不断发展中国特色社会主义理论和实践,都具有十分重要的意义。     

Agriculture and proximity to roads: How should farmers and retailers adapt? Examples from the Ile-de-France region

The present study was carried out in the Ile-de-France region surrounding Paris, which is both the biggest conurbation in France and a large agricultural area. In areas such as these, airborne pollutants from road traffic may adversely affect the quality of the food produced by farms close by. This raises questions about the spatial compatibility of farming and road networks, although there is currently no scientific consensus concerning potential health risks for producers and consumers. Some actors in agricultural supply chains have tried to limit potential risks by producing technical guidelines, including isolation distances between major roads and fields farmed under contract. This paper analyses these “isolation distances”, using approaches from the agricultural and social sciences: surveys on stakeholders in agribusiness and on farmers, and a cartographic simulation submitted to the surveyed farmers for discussion. The results show that isolation distances serve to create market opportunities in a context of market segmentation, or are applied as a precautionary principle. Though not a widespread practice, safety distances could have considerable impacts on farms in terms of both technical management and total farm area, thus calling for further scientific research on this issue.     

基于粮猪型村的两型农业发展评价研究

按照粮猪型村发展两型农业的生产特点、资源与环境条件,从两型农业的基本要求出发,建立了一套适合于粮猪型村两型农业评价的指标体系和评价方法,并以此对浏阳市八角亭村进行两型农业发展情况的评价,得出该村两型农业发展处于初级两型农业发展阶段的结论。     

我国地方特色大米产业创新博弈分析

我国特色大米产业处于发展阶段,在我国特色大米产业创新系统中,政府、龙头企业、高校与科研院所这些主体承担着不同功能和职能分布,拥有着各自的利益和立场。文中先通过对企业与农户、政府与企业的创新博弈利益进行分析,再通过构建产业创新中官产学研动态博弈模型,进一步得出在我国特色大米产业创新系统中,更加优化的策略选择。     

PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN LATIN AMERICA OVER THE LONG RUN

The low pace of Latin American productivity growth in recent decades, despite extensive economic reforms, has yet to be understood in a longer‐run context where factors such as demographic changes, structural shifts, and investment levels can be taken fully into account. The OxLAD database provides comparable sectoral output and workforce series over 1900–2000 for the six leading economies in the region for the first time. Our analysis of this new dataset shows that: intersectoral resource reallocation reduced aggregate productivity growth in all three periods; total factor productivity growth was low throughout the century, and even negative in the closing three decades; and thus factor accumulation—investment in fixed capital and skilled labor—was the main source of productivity growth in Latin America during the twentieth century.     

Does taxation have real effects on agricultural output? Theory and empirical evidence from China

China has a long history of taxing agriculture, with special levies on output. Whether farm households are taxed on a lump-sum basis or as a proportion of output is an important issue. This paper develops a theoretical model to understand better the effects of the lump-sum and proportional taxation on agricultural output. It then empirically investigates the predictions using tax and output data on Chinese agriculture. The theoretical model predicts that lump-sum taxation affects only consumption, while proportional taxation simultaneously affects consumption, capital inputs and final output. Although the main tax policy targeted output, our results suggest that taxation had only a modest impact on output since it was effectively applied as lump sum taxation brought about by localized levies and taxes.     

Conceptualising and implementing two community gardening projects on the Cape Flats,Cape Town

Two community gardening projects in the Cape Town Metropole, South Africa, were studied in terms of how their intended outcomes were conceptualised by programme stakeholders, and how programme implementation was perceived by the intended beneficiaries. Following a broadly qualitative approach, data collection methods included individual and group interviews, participant observation, and reviews of programme records. A model of short-term, medium-term, and long-term outcomes, as perceived by programme management and staff, was elicited. Gardeners generally were positive about the service delivery of the programme, and identified the provision of food for their households as the major change that the programme introduced in their lives. They achieved some savings on household food purchases, and improved their nutrition somewhat. They also reported some income generation, but they perceived it as too little. Finally, respondents were very positive about a range of social benefits obtained from participating in the projects.